IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURS AND THE CONTINGENT VALUE OF PERSONAL LEGITIMACY

Despite growing recognition of the importance of the founder’s personal legitimacy for successful venturing, various questions remain with respect to what founder legitimacy is and how it is achieved. My review of the legitimacy literature reveals that founder legitimacy can be conceptualized as both a characteristic and a process, and that the entity signaling the founder’s legitimacy can be the founder, an organization, or even an industry or region. My review also shows that the expertise needed for founder legitimacy is taken for granted in most studies. To develop a better understanding of how founders acquire and signal personal legitimacy, I investigate the processes through which the latter is developed by studying immigrant entrepreneurs. Immigrant entrepreneurs suffer from liability of foreignness and provide an excellent sample to investigate what legitimacy is, and how it is perceived and acquired. The findings from my research suggest that potential entrepreneurs interpret institutional expectations regarding founder legitimacy in different ways, and that these interpretations influence how they build legitimacy and how much legitimacy they build. I also find that the costs of building this legitimacy, specifically by complying with regulations, can be high enough for immigrant entrepreneurs, to put them at a relative disadvantage in terms of their business earnings. My research contributes to the legitimacy and entrepreneurship literature. It has also significant and timely implications by showing how, at a time when countries are restricting entry, immigrants can successfully overcome legitimacy challenges associated with venturing and become contributing members of society

Restaurant Formality And Customer Service Dimensions In The Restaurant Industry: An Empirical Study

The purpose of the study was to examine the different customer service dimensions in the restaurant industry. Survey-based data collected from customers that dined regularly in restaurants classified as fast food, casual dining, and fine dining was used. Our study makes an imperative contribution by applying Resource-based view theory in the field of services marketing. The results show that restaurant formality has an adverse impact on customer loyalty, but this impact is positive when restaurant formality interacts with customer gratification. There are other important findings that lead to repeat sales and improved profits for restaurants. We conclude by discussing some limitations in our study as well as suggesting future research directions

The locality-aware adaptive cache coherence protocol

Next generation multicore applications will process massive amounts of data with significant sharing. Data movement and management impacts memory access latency and consumes power. Therefore, harnessing data locality is of fundamental importance in future processors. We propose a scalable, efficient shared memory cache coherence protocol that enables seamless adaptation between private and logically shared caching of on-chip data at the fine granularity of cache lines. Our data-centric approach relies on in-hardware yet low-overhead runtime profiling of the locality of each cache line and only allows private caching for data blocks with high spatio-temporal locality. This allows us to better exploit the private caches and enable low-latency, low-energy memory access, while retaining the convenience of shared memory. On a set of parallel benchmarks, our low-overhead locality-aware mechanisms reduce the overall energy by 25% and completion time by 15% in an NoC-based multicore with the Reactive-NUCA on-chip cache organization and the ACKwise limited directory-based coherence protocol.United States. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The Ubiquitous High Performance Computing Progra

Locality-aware data replication in the Last-Level Cache

Next generation multicores will process massive data with varying degree of locality. Harnessing on-chip data locality to optimize the utilization of cache and network resources is of fundamental importance. We propose a locality-aware selective data replication protocol for the last-level cache (LLC). Our goal is to lower memory access latency and energy by replicating only high locality cache lines in the LLC slice of the requesting core, while simultaneously keeping the off-chip miss rate low. Our approach relies on low overhead yet highly accurate in-hardware run-time classification of data locality at the cache line granularity, and only allows replication for cache lines with high reuse. Furthermore, our classifier captures the LLC pressure at the existing replica locations and adapts its replication decision accordingly. The locality tracking mechanism is decoupled from the sharer tracking structures that cause scalability concerns in traditional coherence protocols. Moreover, the complexity of our protocol is low since no additional coherence states are created. On a set of parallel benchmarks, our protocol reduces the overall energy by 16%, 14%, 13% and 21% and the completion time by 4%, 9%, 6% and 13% when compared to the previously proposed Victim Replication, Adaptive Selective Replication, Reactive-NUCA and Static-NUCA LLC management schemes

A Case for Fine-Grain Adaptive Cache Coherence

As transistor density continues to grow geometrically, processor manufacturers are already able to place a hundred cores on a chip (e.g., Tilera TILE-Gx 100), with massive multicore chips on the horizon. Programmers now need to invest more effort in designing software capable of exploiting multicore parallelism. The shared memory paradigm provides a convenient layer of abstraction to the programmer, but will current memory architectures scale to hundreds of cores? This paper directly addresses the question of how to enable scalable memory systems for future multicores. We develop a scalable, efficient shared memory architecture that enables seamless adaptation between private and logically shared caching at the fine granularity of cache lines. Our data-centric approach relies on in hardware runtime profiling of the locality of each cache line and only allows private caching for data blocks with high spatio-temporal locality. This allows us to better exploit on-chip cache capacity and enable low-latency memory access in large-scale multicores

Liquid Crystalline Behaviour of Some Schiff Bases Derived from 4-n-Alkoxy-l-naphthaldehydes & p-(n-Amyloxy)aniline

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A Randomized Control Trial comparing the efficacy of Clonidine Premedication Versus Intraoperative Dexmedetomidine Infusion on Anaesthetic requirement, Haemodynamics and Recovery from Anaesthesia in patients undergoing instrumented Spinal Fusion

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of clonidine with dexmedetomidine on sevoflurane requirement, recovery time, haemodynamics further requirement of anaesthetics, incidence of adverse events and amount of blood loss in patients undergoing spine surgery. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial comparing oral clonidine premedication and intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion. Group 1 received oral clonidine in the ward and group 2 received dexmedetomidine infusion intraoperatively. The end tidal concentration of sevofluorane was titrated to keep a BIS score of 40-50. End tidal sevofluorane concentrations and haemodynamic parameters like blood pressure and heart at various time intervals, wake up times, additional propofol and fentanyl requirements and blood loss were recorded. The mean, standard deviation and frequencies with percentages of these parameters were calculated. The statistical analysis was performed using independent sample t-test. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Both, Clonidine and dexmedetomidine decreases the sevoflurane requirement. But dexmedetomidine has better anesthetic sparing property when compared to clonidine. Intraoperative requirement of propofol and fentanyl were same with both clonidine and dexmedetomidine. Recovery time was comparable between the two groups. Both, clonidine and dexmedetomidine are effective in controlling haemodynamics including the blood pressure and heart rate. Both, clonidine and dexmedetomidine are equally effective in reducing the blood loss

Risk of AI in Healthcare: A Comprehensive Literature Review and Study Framework

This study conducts a thorough examination of the research stream focusing on AI risks in healthcare, aiming to explore the distinct genres within this domain. A selection criterion was employed to carefully analyze 39 articles to identify three primary genres of AI risks prevalent in healthcare: clinical data risks, technical risks, and socio-ethical risks. Selection criteria was based on journal ranking and impact factor. The research seeks to provide a valuable resource for future healthcare researchers, furnishing them with a comprehensive understanding of the complex challenges posed by AI implementation in healthcare settings. By categorizing and elucidating these genres, the study aims to facilitate the development of empirical qualitative and quantitative research, fostering evidence-based approaches to address AI-related risks in healthcare effectively. This endeavor contributes to building a robust knowledge base that can inform the formulation of risk mitigation strategies, ensuring safe and efficient integration of AI technologies in healthcare practices. Thus, it is important to study AI risks in healthcare to build better and efficient AI systems and mitigate risks